8 Parts of Speech

 

8 PARTS OF SPEECH

 

1. NOUN (KATA BENDA)

• Kata yang menamai orang, tempat, benda, atau ide.
• Types of Noun:
• Common (Umum): Contoh: cat, girl, man.
• Proper (Spesifik/Nama): Contoh: Jakarta, Toyota, Budi.
• Countable (Bisa dihitung): Contoh: one book, two pens.
• Uncountable (Tidak bisa dihitung): Contoh: water, sugar, love.

Sumber gambar: 

https://assets.kompasiana.com/items/album/2023/03/04/parts-of-speech-640336cb08a8b53c583e2b42.jpg?t=o&v=770

2. PRONOUN (KATA GANTI)

• Menggantikan Noun untuk menghindari pengulangan.
• Subject (Subjek): I, You, We, They, He, She, It
• Object (Objek): Me, You, Us, Them, Him, Her, It
• Possessive (Kepunyaan): My / Mine, Your / Yours, Our / Ours, Their / Theirs, His / His, Her / Hers, Its / Its

3. VERB (KATA KERJA)

• Menunjukkan aksi (action) atau keadaan (State of Being).
• Action Verb (Aktivitas fisik/mental): Contoh: Run, Talk, Think, Study.
• She eats an apple.
• Linking Verb (Menghubungkan subjek dengan keterangan, tidak ada aksi nyata): Contoh: To Be (Is, Am, Are, Was, Were).
• She is smart. Taste, Look, Feel.
• You look happy.

4. ADJECTIVE (KATA SIFAT)

• Menjelaskan atau memodifikasi Noun atau Pronoun.
• Fungsi: Memberikan detail tentang kualitas, ukuran, warna, dll.
• Order of Adjectives:
• Urutan jika ada 2 kata sifat sebelum noun.
• Rumus OSASCOMP: Opinion (Beautiful, Good), Size (Big, Small), Age (Old, New), Shape (Round, Square), Color (Red, Blue), Origin (Indonesian, Japanese), Material (Wooden, Metal), Purpose (Sleeping, Running).
• Contoh: A beautiful large old round red table.

5. ADVERB (KATA KETERANGAN)

• Menerangkan Verb, Adjective, atau Adverb lainnya.
• Sering berakhiran -ly.
• Types of Adverbs:
• Manner (Cara): Slowly, Quickly, Hard.
• Place (Tempat): Here, There, Inside, Nowhere.
• Time (Waktu): Yesterday, Now, Soon.
• Frequency (Keserigan): Always, Often, Never.

6. PREPOSITION (KATA DEPAN)

• Menghubungkan Noun/Pronoun ke tempat, atau arah.
• Preposition of Time & Place (Ingat aturan segitiga terbaik):
• In (General): In 2024, In Jakarta (Besar).
• On (More Specific): On Monday, On Sudirman Street.
• At (Very Specific): At 7 PM, At home.

7. CONJUNCTION (KATA HUBUNG)

• Menghubungkan kata, frasa atau klausa.
• Coordinating (FANBOYS): Untuk menghubungkan yang setara. For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So.
• I like tea, but I hate coffee.

8. INTERJECTION (KATA SERU)

• Kata pendek untuk mengekspresikan emosi spontan.
• Biasanya diikuti tanda seru (!).
• Contoh: Wow! Interjection, Ouch! (Sakit), Oops! (Kekeliruan), Shh! (Diam).

9. ARTICLES (DETERMINERS)

• A, An, The.
• Fungsi: Untuk menerangkan Noun.
• Jumlah (definite): Hanya 1 orang.

---

Lanjutan Ringkasan Materi Bahasa Inggris

Teks ini berisi lanjutan ringkasan tata bahasa/gramatika.

DETERMINERS (Lanjutan)

• Little: Sedikit (little time).
• A Little: Agak sedikit (a little sugar).

Bentuk Negatif/Tanya:

• Some (Kalimat Positif).
• Any (Kalimat Negatif/Tanya).
• Lot of (Informal, banyak).

10. ADJECTIVE ORDER

• Urutan jika ada 2 kata sifat sebelum noun.
• Sudah dicantumkan di Slide sebelumnya (OSASCOMP)

11. BASIC VERB TENSES

• Simple Present: Fakta/Kebiasaan. She sings.
• Simple Past: Kejadian masa lampau. She sang last monday.
• Present Continuous: Sedang terjadi. She is singing now.
• Simple Future: Rencana. She will eat pizza.

12. QUANTIFIERS

• Kata untuk menyatakan jumlah benda.
• Countable (Bisa Dihitung): Many, Many of, Both, Several.
• Uncountable (Tidak Bisa Dihitung): Much, Many of.

13. GERUND VS INFINITIVE

• Gerund (Verb-ing): Berfungsi sebagai Noun (Subjek/Objek).
• Setelah Preposisi: Good at swimming.
• Sebagai Subjek: Reading is fun.
• Setelah Verb tertentu: Enjoy, Mind, Avoid.
• Infinitive (To + Verb 1): Menyatakan tujuan atau setelah kata sifat.
• Tujuan: I go to study.
• Setelah adjective: It is easy to do.
• Setelah Verb tertentu: Want, Decide, Hope.

14. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

• If + Pengandaian (If Clauses).
• Type 0 (General Truth): If + V1, ... V1.
• If you heat ice, it melts.
• Type 1 (Possible/Future): If + V1, ... will + V1.
• If you study hard, I will pass the exam.
• Type 2 (Unreal Present): If + V2, ... would + V1.
• If I had words, I would fly.
• [Kotak bawah berwarna merah muda/oranye]
• Tentukan POS dari kata yang dicetak tebal:
• Wow (Interjection)
• The (Article/Determiner)
• small (Adjective)
• cat (Noun)
• sleeps (Verb)
• peacefully (Adverb)